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Abstract

This paper introduces a comprehensive framework for effectively managing public bathroom facilities in a limited space, with a specific focus on the context of the Hajj pilgrimage. The research technique encompasses stakeholder engagement, site assessment, data collection, analysis, and model creation to tackle the complex difficulties related to bathroom management during the Hajj pilgrimage. By conducting focus group investigations and employing thematic analysis, we have discovered major themes including the state of lavatory facilities, difficulties in toilet administration, suggested improvements, and ways for collaboration. The created model incorporates multiple essential characteristics for efficient toilet management, such as cleaning frequency, replenishing of supplies, capacity of the ventilation system, promotion of hygiene, preparedness for emergencies, privacy and security measures, efficiency in managing queues, and compliance with accessibility standards. Every variable is crucial in establishing a favorable user experience, upholding cleanliness and hygiene, guaranteeing safety and accessibility, and promoting user happiness. The recommended implementation solutions include of the administration module, maintenance component, server module, and utilization of a complete collection of variables to optimize toilet management. By thoroughly addressing these elements, facility managers may optimise the operation and management of public bathroom facilities, thereby enhancing user happiness and well-being throughout the Hajj pilgrimage

Keywords

Toilet monitoring, Toilet intelligent monitoring system, Hajj Pilgrimage

Article Type

Article

First Page

20

Last Page

31

Publication Date

6-30-2026

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