Microplastics Contamination in Marine Environment: Sources and Management Strategies

Aishah Hamdi, Biology Department, Faculty of scientific, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia AND Biology Department, University Collage of Aldarb, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Oves, Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaFollow
Naser Alkenani, Biology Department, Faculty of scientific, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Majed Alshaeri, Biology Department, Faculty of scientific, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) have been identified as emerging global pollutants because of their persistence, mobility, and significant ecological impacts. These particles, which result from the degradation of plastic waste and from various industrial and consumer activities, are now widespread in marine environments. The capacity of MPs to adsorb contaminants and bioaccumulate within food webs increases their ecological and health risks, prompting substantial concern regarding their long-term consequences for marine ecosystems and human health. This review synthesizes current knowledge regarding the composition, sources, transport, mechanisms, and environmental behavior of microplastics (MPs), with particular emphasis on marine systems. In these environments, the persistence of MPs and their interactions with coexisting pollutants present complex management challenges. Addressing these issues requires standardized monitoring protocols, interdisciplinary research, and the development of innovative mitigation technologies to improve understanding and control of microplastic contamination at regional and global scales. Within this broader context, the Red Sea constitutes a critical yet underexplored region for microplastic research. Its semi-enclosed configuration, combined with rapid coastal development, maritime activities, and tourism, renders it particularly vulnerable to microplastic accumulation and ecological stress. Examining MPs' dynamics in the Red Sea addresses a significant regional knowledge gap and offers insights into how localized environmental conditions influence microplastic distribution and effects. Region-specific studies are crucial for informing targeted management strategies and conservation policies that align with global initiatives to mitigate plastic pollution. In summary, integrating scientific knowledge, technological advancements, and policy measures is essential to address the escalating threat of microplastic pollution and protect both marine biodiversity and human health.

First Page

125

Last Page

146

Recommended Citation

Hamdi, Aishah; Oves, Mohammad; Alkenani, Naser; and Alshaeri, Majed (2026) "Microplastics Contamination in Marine Environment: Sources and Management Strategies," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Science: Vol. 36: No. 1, Article 11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.64064/1658-4325.1033