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Arabic Title

آليات توزيع أرباح حسابات الاستثمار في المصارف الإسلامية الماليزية: دراسة تحليلية في ضوء المعايير الشرعية والمحاسبية

Abstract

This study examines the profit distribution mechanisms for investment accounts in Malaysian Islamic banks. It analyzes the Shariah and accounting foundations that govern the relationship between the bank and investment account holders. The study identifies a set of fairness parameters rooted in Islamic legal principles and Islamic accounting standards, most notably: the requirement to predefine profit-sharing ratios, adherence to the Shariah rules of loss-bearing in mudarabah, full transparency and disclosure, proportional profit allocation based on investment amount and duration, and the governance rules relating to the use of the Profit Equalization Reserve (PER) and Investment Risk Reserve (IRR) to ensure that profit distribution does not compromise the integrity of profit-and-loss sharing. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology, reviewing AAOIFI standards, Bank Negara Malaysia’s regulatory requirements, and practical banking applications related to investment fund management. The findings show that the Malaysian experience provides a structured and equitable model that reduces return volatility and strengthens compliance with the Islamic legal maxims “al-ghunm bil-ghurm” (gain is justified by risk) and “al-kharāj bi-al-ḍamān” (entitlement to return is contingent upon liability), while offering policy recommendations to enhance investor protection and ensure Shariahaligned fairness in profit distribution. The study further examines the Malaysian experience as an advanced model for segregating deposits from investment accounts, implementing the Rate of Return Framework, and managing investment accounts through the Investment Account Platform (IAP). This analysis highlights how far Malaysian Islamic banks have progressed in institutionalizing fairness parameters, compared with jurisdictions that lack a similarly robust governance framework.

First Page

23

Last Page

41

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