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Abstract

The constant concern for ensuring that the basic needs of every human are met has prompted various steps with an aim to promote equality. This concern has eventually led to an increasing demand to guarantee a reasonable standard of living. Some economists have recently revisited the concept of Universal Basic Income (UBI) that has caught the interest of some governments and policy makers. This paper investigates the concept of UBI from historical, legal (Islamic), and Maqāṣidī perspectives. It traces the conceptual origins of UBI back to the Islamic society since the early Islamic history. Adopting a conceptual–analytical methodology, the paper draws on a purposive review of classical literature, including foundational Maqāṣid al-Sharī\raise-1ptbad hboxah works. This paper conceptually examines the idea of UBI through Islamic ethical and historical perspectives, providing an overview of the Islamic societal roots of social justice, and exploring the compatibility of UBI with Islamic law and its objectives. The paper contributes a normative framework for understanding how UBI could be ethically integrated within an Islamic moral economy. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for implementing UBI in accordance with Islamic legal and ethical standards. Based on comprehensive historical and legal analyses, this study seeks to augment the socioeconomic welfare discourse and provide insights that connect the current economic theory of UBI with classical Islamic legal and economic thought.

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